Glossary

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Term	Description
Authentication	This is a control process checking the authenticity of the users identity, i.e. this process checks whether the user is the person they claim to be.
Biometric Authentication	This is the user authentication based on examining specific physical traits of the user by means of special biometric equipment. Biometric authentication can be based on examining fingerprints, iris, voice, and other specific traits of the user's body.
Driver	This is software designed to control data input/output and interface the applications/OS and the device connected to the PC.
Electronic Key	This can be either a smart card or the Token or other similar device.
eToken	This is a special device, also called the eToken Key, produced by Aladdin Knowledge Systems as a Key-ring style hardware device and employed by Dekart Private Disk MultiFactor. This is a full-scale analog of a smart card that can be attached to the USB port and used as a means for identifying a user.
Identification	This is a control process using a unique identifier to determine whether the specific user is known to the system.
One-Factor or Standard Authentication	This is a process controlling the authenticity of the user identity by standard means of the OS on the basis of a single factor: Something You Know – the user name and password.
Personal Computer/Smart Card (PC/SC)	Smart card readers' specifications.
Personal Identification Number	See PIN
PIN	The Personal Identification Number is used for Dekart Private Disk MultiFactor user's virtual disk data access authentication. The PIN is set by the Key user by means of Dekart Private Disk MultiFactor facilities.
Plug-and-play	This is a standard designed by Microsoft, Intel, etc. in order to simplify connection of additional devices to the computer. The operating system (Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000 Professional, Windows XP, Windows Me) identifies and sets up the peripheral device without any user interference or further manual parameter setting. Plug and Play (PnP) is a capability developed by Microsoft for its Windows 95 and later operating systems that gives users the ability to plug a device into a computer and have the computer recognize that the device is there.
Smart Card	This is a plastic card with an embedded microchip including the secured memory block with special hardware implementing the encryption algorithms — techniques for secret information encrypting/decoding. Smart card is connected to the computer by means of a special device — the smart card reader.
Smart Card Reader	This is a device used to operate smart cards. The reader can be both internal (connected as a standard 3,5' floppy disk drive) and external (connected by means of one of the following ports: COM, PS/2, USB, PCMCIA, IRDA, etc.)
Strong Authentication	This is a process controlling the authenticity of the users identity on the basis of at least two of the three following factors: Something You Know — for example, the user name and password. Something You Have – for example, the Token device. Something You Are – for example, fingerprints or specific physical traits.
Three-Factor Authentication	This is a process controlling the authenticity of the users identity on the basis of three following factors: Something You Know — for example, the user name and password. Something You Have – for example, the USB drive. Something You Are – for example, fingerprints or specific physical traits.
Two-Factor Authentication	This is a process controlling the authenticity of the users identity on the basis of the two following factors: Something You Know — for example, the user name and password. Something You Have – for example, the CD device.
Universal Serial Bus (USB)	The Universal Serial Bus can be used to connect and disconnect peripheral devices without opening the PC case and even without shutting down the computer. The USB automatically detects these devices and configures the corresponding software.
OS	Operating System
PC	Personal Computer.